Size and Growth of the United States Crop Insurance Portfolio, 2025

➩ Growth reflects rising insured exposure, not broad acreage expansion. From 2006 to 2025, FCIP liability growth generally outpaced acreage growth across commodity groups, indicating that program scale has expanded mainly through higher insured values and coverage intensity rather than widespread increases in insured land.

➩ Field crops remain the financial anchor of the program. Corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, and an aggregate of other field crops continue to account for the largest share of insured liabilities. Their growth path is dominated by higher per-acre insured exposure rather than large gains in insured acres.

➩ Specialty-crop growth is heterogeneous across fruits, nuts, vegetables, and nurseries. Many fruit and vegetable categories combine flat or declining acreage with rising insured values; major nut crops combine acreage expansion with rising per-acre values; fruit and nut tree policies show episodic liability swings against stable acreage bases; and nursery coverage ended the period below its mid-2000s peak even after a partial recovery.

➩ Forage coverage marks the largest structural shift in the portfolio. The rapid expansion of the index-based pasture, rangeland, and forage insurance plan raised both insured acres and liabilities, making forage one of the fastest-growing segments of the program and concentrating a larger share of exposure on weather-correlated, spatially concentrated risk.

➩ Recent dollar-valued exposure softened while participation held up. Between 2024 and 2025, policies, units, and insured acres continued to expand while nominal liabilities, premiums, and subsidies softened, a pattern consistent with lower projected commodity prices compressing insured value per acre rather than a withdrawal from the program.

Recommended Citation Format: Francis Tsiboe, Rwit Chakravorty, Hongxi Zhao, Dylan Turner, and Sandro Steinbach (2026). Size and Growth of the United States Crop Insurance Portfolio, 2025. ARPC Report 2026–01. Agricultural Risk Policy Center, North Dakota State University. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.401338